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Showing posts with label United States. Show all posts
Showing posts with label United States. Show all posts

Thursday, June 6, 2013

Global Awareness: A Growing Problem

Posted on 7:12 PM by Unknown
English: Logo of the .
English: Logo of the . (Photo credit: Wikipedia)


Article by: Scott Hall (scotthall.cnj@gmail.com)
            In the last few months, our nation and the global citizenry have seen several infractions of human rights, questionable behaviors and serious law and political goof ups; in the muck and mutter of it all, had bills pass through our elected officials hands that are going unread, campaigns of hope and prosperity about how to change things and “stop Obama-care”, debates over economy and hearing rumors of “sequesters” and of things where it’s the left vs. the right or the reds vs. the blues and even the have’s vs. the have not’s -  including how best to deal with our food problems, who are the experts, such as what is really going on with genetically modified foods and why suddenly this push for “organic” grown items, I personally have yet to eat anything not seemingly organic and definitely not anything plastic or at least not noticeable to the naked eyes.  Debates of proper punishment for heinous crimes, television personalities with more influence than a court of law and hosts of other items that have this author shaking his head and wondering if anyone is using critical thought when approached with problematic systems or items of interest, are we ignoring our growing problems or are we seriously trying to deal with this whole hot mess?    Time for our truth glasses to look at a few of the things going on in our society, it is not this author’s intention within the confines of this article, to say that this way of thinking is the most accurate nor the only opinion that should be voiced, it is my intention to open Pandora’s box of critical thinking and apply it to those items that should (or do) have us all shaking our heads.
The Wounds
            First up, a look at “Obama Care”, which is the single most important part of our history ever, regardless of likes or dislikes, the legislation in the world of health care has never had a precedent of the same proportion and several years after its initial introduction our televisions are filled with commercials of how to discover the loopholes within its context, if you are smart and order the book online, you can save about 15 dollars, otherwise it’s a twenty dollar book.  Before I get into some of the realms in question, I want to point out one item of interest, any book that sells for as low as 5 dollars just because it is “online” should clue us in as to its worth in the words that created it, it is my bet that some persons who got outraged decided to point out the items that were stricken or not included and applied simple tax codes to help the disadvantaged, that is great, but I have to question the sources or the accuracy, good chance it isn’t a worthy read or has little input to help.  Okay, back to our focus of health care (PPACA) that was put into motion, lots of persons are upset that a nearing deadline is approaching for us all to have some sort of health coverage, I myself did an complete overview of the final draft once it was made available a few months back and taking from a portion of the report that was filed for Criminology & Justice Digital Media, the following was discovered:
1) – PPACA was signed into law on March 23 of 2010.
2) -- These items became effective immediately: The FDA is now authorized to approve generic versions of biologic drugs and grant those manufacturers 12 years of use before generics can be developed (A Biologic drug is naturally synthesized and not chemically compounded such as vaccine’s, blood or therapeutic medicines and the like), Medicaid drug rebate is increased to 23%, The Indian Health Care and Improvement act is reauthorized, The FDA must come up with a standard that causes Chain style restaurants to display caloric, fat and nutrition content on packages, walls, vending machines and their associated places across the USA to name a short list of immediate implementations (in full effect by 2014).
            High lights and time line of what is: Effective July 2010 a 10% tax on indoor tanning facilities and a council set up for preventative health and promotion where the Surgeon General will oversee or chair the Board and if you were denied coverage based on preexisting conditions, insurers can no longer consider those parameters. Effective September 2010 enhanced methods of fraud detection are implemented, Medicare is expanded to include small or rural hospital facilities, companies who have employees in the 55-64 range of age can have those early retirees enroll in a temporary program to reduce premium costs, The Medicare part D coverage gap is set to be eliminated by 2020 and starts its reduction as of September.  Effective January 2011, Flexible Spending or Health Savings accounts no longer can be used to pay for non prescription items excluding insulin.  Effective January 2012, Employers must now list on the W-2 Tax forms the benefits they provided to their employees (this was postponed by the IRS by one year).
            The future provisions (highlights): August 2012, all new plans must cover certain preventative 
Ritalin
Ritalin (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
services (mammography, colonoscopy) without a deductible, co-payment or co-insurance.  Women’s Preventative Services such as wellness visits will also be covered without cost sharing. January of 2014 discrimination of benefits based on preexisting conditions where rate increases may be acceptable become are prohibited, Insurers are prohibited from establishing annual spending caps, children under 19 who have preexisting conditions no longer restricted to coverage. January 2015 doctor’s payments are adjusted according to quality of care and not volume of patients.  2017 states are encouraged to rewrite a health mandate that allows them to receive the benefits of savings in federal money and assistance.
            Just from this stand point alone, seems as though the benefits are spot on for an economic upturn and benefits citizens of all types and income levels, so why are we seeing “find the loopholes” ads?  Because free enterprise and a bit of tom-foolery can lead us to believe just about anything, especially if we don’t already understand its basics, thank heavens Congress actually read that proposal and did something unique – they hammered out a compromise and bingo, even if debatable, it passed and is a part of our United States history.  This leads me to another point (or counter point if you will) about a few recent items making it through our elected leaders that are being reported as “not fully read” or “hasn’t been read”.  This type of infraction against the people should never go unpunished, if a big business was say involved in insider trading, you can bet congressional hearings may take place, so why not put the shoe on the other foot, so far I have yet to see one congress person say, “a group of us missed that one, we should step down” or “congressional hearings will take place to find out why congress persons didn’t read legislation before it passed”, instead we are seeing pictures of empty chairs while congressmen enjoy a beer at the president’s expense;  critical and expanded thinking about these things makes me question why we are paying salaries with hard earned tax money to people who are obviously too inundated to do their jobs correctly. 
            Touring through the headlines of our world, whether or not you use “Google” or “Bing” will likely yield a few news stories (some included in reference links below) about congress failing to actually read the items that get voted on, I will pause while you calm down a bit and then move on to a couple of examples of highly paid elected leaders who are making a mockery of our Constitutional system.  In an article posted online by Fox News in December of 2004, an admittance of one Representative Brian Baird, Democrat Washington, revealed two things: Congressional persons often rely on a summary of what the paperwork holds and that the vast majority of them do not read the summary nor the legislation at all, in part because they are only given about 48 hours to investigate them prior to voting, only two days, which according to their work schedule isn’t really a lot of time, so these same elected officials rely on trusted “agencies” to summarize them to give them a good understanding of what the paperwork contains – this was stated in 2004 when nearly a trillion dollars was spent through 2900 pages of legislation and the issue was a provision inserted into a spending bill that allowed a Republican finance committee to look at ANY AMERICAN’S TAX RETURNS.  Think about this Bush Fans, your beloved and embattled party leader as well as the party itself, didn’t even glance at it, not the Majority Leader Bill Frist nor the finance committee chairperson had any idea those words which did get signed into law even existed until the civil outcry that followed.
            These past few years, our elected representatives and officials have been dubbed the worst congress ever, that being the 112thcongress to be precise.  Fast forward from our 2004 example to 2012, when a list of items was revealed by the Washington post in another online article bringing light to our Capitalist society, according to the first graphic table listed within the article, the number of public laws passed from 1947-2011 swelled way over the range of a “busy” congress in the 112th Congress (2012).  To be more correct, this congress was ¾ through their year when this statistic was released.  I am in awe of how much they haven’t done just in the news stories of their vacations before a budget passing and other questionable things, but until this article shed some light on my own truth glasses, I was truly as in the dark as a few of our readers as to how much “do nothing” is really going on.  It shows in their popularity ratings as well, a whopping 9% favorability rating and yet anyone who speaks of our president at a rating of say 54% as bad should actually be proud, that is 600 times greater than the congress who is supposed to be working FOR the people instead of burning up tax payer money and slowing the people down on items that surely need attention, such as our own countries credit rating and continuing job crisis, let us not forget the showdown that congress had over our debt ceiling.  We can say that at least they are die-hard at their job, I mean they did manage to attempt to repeal the PPACA by voting on it a record 33 times, I will say it again, 33 congress wide votes where NO ONE could muster enough steam or majority interest to even punch a hole in it, thinking back to the advantages lots of citizens will receive and are receiving, this example looks as though congress wants us to fail and struggle.  Pardon me while I wipe the water from my own truth glasses, the steam from the crazy wasteful spending and mockery of helping the people has fogged the lenses; I am hoping our citizens will ask of your leaders, just what did my tax money really go toward, the likely answer will be, “making our fat pockets fatter without using lobbyists” or “remember that pay raise we passed”.
            Lobbyists make me laugh inside as these are the persons who, try hard to have things inserted into legislation or to influence what legislation comes and goes through, some call this pork belly spending, this author calls it a pathetic attempt to deceive the American citizens and to keep us guessing and stirring over items while the real secret and upsetting stuff gets slipped in unnoticed.  Verbiage like “sequester” sounds good, but until we learn that the Sequester doesn’t affect Government Officials such as Congress in total as they are exempt from it, we can be mislead to thinking things are business as usual.  Take for example the one thing besides money that makes the world go round, food and a well known name, Monsanto. Then think about the “Monsanto Protection Act” that was “overlooked” in a recent legislative push. Genetically Modified Foods are just one of the many facets to avoiding global hunger, or so we are to think; question:  if we produced the same number of seeds that they have without all the hype and modifications, we would have to deal with weeds and insects and similarly the same number of crops would grow as expected and who knows, maybe even the industry of agriculture could create some much needed jobs or we could find “green” ways to eradicate insect problems or combating drought conditions without DNA splicing in plants, my mind is open to any new horizon, just not those whose side effects could be costly or deadly and if we are not careful will offset the healthcare system to include what to do when a food breaks the blood brain barrier because its DNA didn’t like human consumption either, never mind the insects. 
            If I were to tell you that Kraft Macaroni and Cheese was made with Yellow Dye #5 and #6, most of us would think, no big deal, it’s just food coloring.  What if I told you that those two items are derived from coal tar and that coal tar is found in lice shampoo, would you still be likely to eat that brand of macaroni and cheese or possibly wonder what else contains the same ingredients or maybe we could be looking at a popular soft drink like 7up who a few years ago had as one of its ingredients - lithium, yet now it isn’t included in the formula due to its adverse health effects in some persons.  Let those items not surprise you much, however, let these items open your eyes somewhat:  Cows, Pigs, Geese, Squirrels, Elk, Deer, Raccoons, Mice and Rats all refused to consume any GMO food or by product.  Those that consumed them during testing of the products effects ended in these results:  Rats that were fed Potatoes that were resistant to pests through GMO, received digestive cancer as a reward for its consumption, though I am sure many of you right now are thinking good, rats need to die anyway - you are missing a critical point - that these same animals are what we are using as a measuring stick for the very products we’re using daily, so if it hurts a Rat, it will likely hurt us, is our food chain an acceptable risk for this type of danger?
            Next up, Corn - this American favorite is used in cookouts and gatherings, popular in restaurants and can even be used to produce alcohol or fuel, they are the result of many beautiful corn field photographs and 35% of the world’s supply comes from right here on US Soil.  In 2003 after inhaling corn pollen from MON 863 corn plants, several persons had a serious respiratory attack as well as suffered skin or intestinal reactions.  Sheep who wandered into genetically modified cotton fields died after eating some of the plants, pigs and cows being fed grain from these plants became sterile and the list goes on and on.  I applaud free enterprise and the success stories it has produced, I applaud our innovative thinking into new ways to deal with growing and agricultural issues, I cannot and will not condone our government (or our people) allowing any type of wording in favor of a company (which also has former Monsanto company persons in elected or appointed office) that produces a product that we can “eat at our own risk”.  Keep in mind corn alone is used in many things, such as corn starch, many medicines and a host of cosmetic materials; we are not just eating this stuff but practically taking a liberal bath in it as well.  Genetically Modified crops have also shown a reduced amount of common cancer and disease fighting nutrients within the plants being grown, the verbiage is called, transposons, or a process that happens when genetic mutations exist as a result of modifying the gene of the plant, note:  This process also releases toxins as well as other allergens that can affect the consumer, facts that have been court battled by Monsanto in dispute, which brings us to the Monsanto Protection Act.
            The disputed section in the “hidden agenda” is section 735 of HR 933, to which the following is written:
Sec. 735. In the event that a determination of non-regulated status made pursuant to section 411 of the Plant Protection Act is or has been invalidated or vacated, the Secretary of Agriculture shall, notwithstanding any other provision of law, upon request by a farmer, grower, farm operator, or producer, immediately grant temporary permit(s) or temporary deregulation in part, subject to necessary and appropriate conditions consistent with section 411(a) or 412(c) of the Plant Protection Act, which interim conditions shall authorize the movement, introduction, continued cultivation, commercialization and other specifically enumerated activities and requirements, including measures designed to mitigate or minimize potential adverse environmental effects, if any, relevant to the Secretary’s evaluation of the petition for non-regulated status, while ensuring that growers or other users are able to move, plant, cultivate, introduce into commerce and carry out other authorized activities in a timely manner: Provided, That all such conditions shall be applicable only for the interim period necessary for the Secretary to complete any required analyses or consultations related to the petition for non-regulated status: Provided further, That nothing in this section shall be construed as limiting the Secretary’s authority under section 411, 412 and 414 of the Plant Protection Act.
            Key item to point out, nowhere in this section do the words Monsanto protection act prevail, what is prevailing in this section are two things, first the Plant Protection Act and the wording specific to the cultivation or growth of agricultural items and the secretary’s role.  Taking a look inside this section, in relation to the crops in question, it does state that the Secretary can grant temporary deregulation status, to allow growers to continue cultivation of biotech crops that had previously been approved by the Department of Agriculture and while legal challenges continue, it prevents the courts from interceding in the review process, from this whole basis is an outcry that this is unfair as the courts cannot intervene on food safety issues, never mind it is the agriculture and food safety divisions to insure this anyway.  The provision in essence insures that growers of these crops may continue to grow them; it basically gives the growers peace of mind knowing that a judicial order cannot disrupt their livelihoods, even if we do not agree on their safe consumption or practices in achieving the desired output from the seeds. 
            Make no mistake, this provision has very little to do with the growers, it is a protection of sorts for those who develop those crops preventing the USDA from saying anything more than yay or nay in the realm of potentially dangerous foods.  Here is the kicker: To date, no farmer has had to have their crops destroyed, the USDA already has provisions in place similar to this that the agricultural department uses, making this particular section totally unnecessary and over used to protect us from potentially dangerous foods, however, since no long term data has been accepted as actual proof, based in part on the law suit answers companies like Dow, Monsanto and Bayer have made, who knows what the long term effects will be on our ecosystem or on ourselves, especially with provisions that prevent the public from doing anything from ill gotten health items, this makes me wonder if these big businesses are trying to avoid what happened in tobacco, where years ago it was somewhat accepted, then Cancer lawsuits and proof in a court of harmful effects cost that industry billions in settlements, just some food for thought.
            So far in our journey through the muck, we have seen our Congress asleep, corporations with their hands in the bottom of a cookie jar and the stench of collaboration as well as misguided thinking.  These are only a small fraction of our growing problems within the communities of our land and it’s not just the adults and leaders who are reeling from society, our children (now out of school) have also got their own pressures to deal with.  Caution, what follows will contain strong language, not for purposes of being crude or overbearing but to bring to light some of what is going on in our society.  I am a proud parent of two very talented children who participate in school activities and belong to band and chorus respectively.  The final concert of the year for this fine group of students was done on cue, with professionalism and accuracy, along with the performance certain awards were given out to those who improved greatly, took on extra and etcetera and as the parents were assisting in clean up, suddenly the band director was called away, as I went to see where the crowd of people were heading, I heard that one of those student performers was attacked, to the point that he went into seizures.  The assailant - one of his classmates who left the scene as the fire department and ambulance pulled into the school lot to assist the child who was assaulted.  This appalled me to great ends, such a wonderful night of music to be disrupted by a needless and senseless act and I have no further information as to this child as I am not their parent and privacy laws prevail, however, quite a few other band students witnessed this event happen, and only one ran to get help. I learned about 3 weeks after school that this student recovered fully. The time for this type of behavior to not be tolerated on any level is beyond now; it was yesterday quite a long time ago, and in this section, I will attempt to hit hard on some areas that yes, America, you need to be aware of for more than our future, but for ourselves as a whole.
            I could speak at great lengths about the many articles I have written on bullying and how it affects the psychological growth of both adult and children and it is not the intent of this author to “beat a dead horse” as I am sure the readers of my articles have a good idea about the rebellion, depression and suicide rates that are associated with it, however, in light of this past school year and the letters sent home from the school my own children attended over the past 270 plus days; this is what has entered into the school: weapons, marijuana, alcohol, bullying and assaults and on more than one occasion as well as threats against other students; note: I am glad the school was able to intervene on a few of these occasions, however I still have to question where are the kids getting the items in the first place?  Stopping to ponder this and having the experience of being a parent of a bullied child, my mind opened up to several possibilities, most of which point back to the same erratic and extreme behavior going on across our very nation and in truth that equals a whole lot of ugly and tons of unnecessary influences.  I want to present a short list of words that I have heard in this “middle” school being used by other children while waiting for their rides (over heard while my window was down): Bitch, Slut, whore, Mother F**k, swag fag, fat ass and shit head, this doesn’t include the things shared with me by my own children who tell their parents exactly what names or items they themselves were called throughout their day.  Words, only words are what I have heard a few others say, “Words cannot hurt you”.  Okay, if this is true, using a combination of words that come out of these kids mouths, how about this one, “Fuck you fat ass whore, you aint about shit.”  That was said to my oldest child, to the point she heard this almost daily and the girl saying it to her also threatened to “Beat her ass” almost daily as well, even while filing “reports” on the child and others who bullied my daughter daily, the attitude and behavior still went on seemingly unopposed, so, if words don’t hurt then why does my daughter complain about being called such items?  Words that carry a threat of violence, provocation and personally taken would that do it, absolutely!  Thinking in context to the young man who was assaulted and went into seizures, wonder what words were said before that occurred, more importantly what will be the true cost of those actions and words, who is ultimately responsible?
            We live in a society now that has actually contemplated placing an armed guard in every single one of our schools to help “prevent” or deter some of the extreme items taking place where shootings are taking teachers, administration and children’s lives.  In this author’s opinion, yes our schools needs securing, but not just from outside intruders, they need securing from ourselves as well, look around you especially if you are a parent with a child enrolled in school, think how many letters are sent home, what items do you see in your own neighborhoods and how much of this is now making it into the news you watch or hear? Are you worry free or do you wonder about them while they are away, not to mention what things go on while riding the bus. Children don’t just sit around and think, “hey maybe today is a good day to try some alcohol” or “I got lunch money I can use to buy a joint” or even “I am bringing this gun to school” they must have influences of environment and persons in their lives to show them how, where, what and who. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, from July 1, 2009 to June 30, 2010, a total of 33 school associated violent deaths occurred, among students 12-18 there were 828,000 non-fatal victimizations at school, 470,000 victims of theft and 359,000 victims of violence, keep in mind this is over just ONE year.  Look at our own United States and examine your own regions, do the numbers parallel in smaller amounts, if so then use your eyes and look around you, the root of the problem is likely right down the road from you and if no one speaks up, then the problems will continue to grow, the violence will become worse, the death tolls of innocent children will spike and society as a whole will be spiraling out of control trying to figure out where to start looking for answers….oh wait, we are at that point now.  Staggering statistics of hate, violence and unnecessary pressures keeping our most brilliant students out of the lime light because the problem was ignored is and should be unacceptable.
            During that 2009-2010 school year, 85 percent of all schools recorded that one or more crime incidents happened at school that year.  850 out of 1000 schools and us as a society are struggling with making laws against this behavior or investing in those students with home issues while continuously being shocked over mass shootings, education struggles in poorer neighborhoods and growing concerns over our children’s safety, bullying and all the crime associated with it, this author says it starts at home and ends with headline news.  It’s about time we stopped tolerating this in total and it’s not just the kids being affected either, also during that same school year of 2009-2010, 3% of those teachers said they were verbally abused or physically threatened, 39 percent of secondary schools and 33 percent of primary schools reported that student misbehavior and class cutting interfered with their ability to teach, food for thought: Middle school students are around 11-14 years old…and if they are cutting class, threatening teachers and staff  and the parents are not intervening then yes America it is those same concerned (or not) parents who are causing this acceptable basis, however, if the discipline is there and even working with  the schools are not able to change things, that is when you step up the pace with outside help from professionals and institutions who can and do help change lives and yes, I realize that means money but isn’t our children’s futures worth the investment, if not what about grand or great grandchildren who may never know what it means to write in cursive writing and might think calligraphy is some sort of ancient alien print, who really is at the core of this paradox of grime and grit, is it society, is it the parents or their financial health or maybe it’s “uncle jimbobarine” who happens to drink a lot, is it video games or iPod’s…I think if we seriously reviewed ourselves, lots of truths would be uncovered. 
            Sandy Hook, how many of our readers instantly upon seeing those two words thought, “terrible tragedy due to a psycho with a gun” or maybe even, “so many kids suffered terribly due to this unnecessary violence”, but how many persons actually thought, “we need to stop this by finding a way to control guns” or even “that person should have gotten help way earlier”.  That answer, may never truly be known but one thing is for certain, lots of tragedies like this could have been avoided, but not by controlling the guns that were used to accomplish what the entire world has witnessed (yes, I am wondering about the statements from the NRA as well as a few pertinent others).  I myself was in awe of the total destruction caused in this one, small area of our planet that will no doubt be the catalyst for large change; no child should go to school in fear for their lives.  Changes that should and will include controlling the weapons (called guns) and the ammunition that goes ‘hand in hand’ with those same guns, but will this change help those who may have mental health issues?  This author has witnessed, through the vast media outlets the tragedy, the outpouring of support, the debates and a chance; a solid avenue for actually intercepting or even preventing things from possibly happening in larger or more impactful areas which now includes paying attention to those who are suffering (or confused) in silence.  I am not a therapist nor will I attempt to take away from those persons who go to work every day to help heal the Mentally Ill, I am however in total support of their work, it is needed, necessary and now more than ever, warranted and not just for the ever important children of our world, but for everyone, the key to success in these endeavors is not just persistence alone, it will take years of study, years of diligent progress (even if in small steps) and more importantly, a union of professionals.
            From foul politics to pressures on children, we have covered a variety of items that are growing like a bad cancer upon our society.  Faults of judgment, finance, economy and a host of others are being hammered out daily in our society.  One of the infractions, though it is a part of society, is the debate of life or death in the Jodi Arias trial, where she stabbed, shot and outright violently murdered her husband, at the end of the trial, found guilty of Murder but upon sentencing a hung jury as to life or death.  Any professional, in the fields of criminology who has inkling into procedure felt their heart drop when that verdict came around.  The evidence though long and boring proved beyond the shadow of a doubt that she was guilty of the things she was charged with, solidly convicted and yet we could not decide whether or not she should live or die.  I love this country, I love the debates and people who fight for the rights of the innocent or of the guilty, but in this case, boy howdy did someone seriously drop the ball of justice that is unless something else gives or prevails on the retrial in the sentencing phase beginning July 18thof this year.  This is truly sad as the victim’s families will have to relive once again the largest part of that trial only to see if she lives or dies, will either sentence satisfy the victim’s families or bring out some hidden items, doubtful, but it will produce several made for television movies, and once again, free enterprise and the gullible will meet on the fields of truth and justice.  In partial conclusion, our growing problems need more critical thought, they need more input and less Hollywood or media sensationalized hype, we need deeper understanding and less cartoon rhetoric, we need real doctors and less “Dr. Phil” shows where the good doctor has had weeks to analyze how to get ratings and focus’s not so much on truth, we need to look at ourselves, our government and their elected officials as well as all the items that plague our society.  As a last thought, let us look at the time of Noah, biblically speaking.  The world was so corrupt, so much evil and malpractice going on that our world was flooded, sparing only a select few, I shudder to think how much worse it will get before the Lord comes back and says, “okay, enough is enough, time to clear the pool” so to speak.  With our eyes open and truth glasses in hand, let us hope that critical thinking coupled with slowing our lives down enough will prevent any type of disaster. All of this while we sit back and believe whatever is put in the spotlight in front of us, while we do that and close on this note, consider the last paragraph, then decide are we slipping or are we thinking critically (an excerpt from a report filed in California):,
The complaint against Dr. Phil was filed with the California Board of Psychology. It is a felony to practice without a license in California. Dr. Phil previously gave up his license in 2006. Notably, when they go on his show, participants sign a contract that includes a provision that he is not medically treating them. Notably, when his show began in 2002, the Board investigated whether he was practicing without a license. In what would be an insult to most true doctors, the Board found that Dr. Phil was not in violation because he was acting as an entertainer, not as a psychiatrist, however I have heard on many occasions where the general public believes that he is the resident expert on everything.
References, links and news
http://shine.yahoo.com/dailyshot/gross-mystery-ingredients-in-popular-foods-141700944.html?vp=1
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,140204,00.html
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2012/07/13/13-reasons-why-this-is-the-worst-congress-ever/
http://shine.yahoo.com/dailyshot/gross-mystery-ingredients-in-popular-foods-141700944.html?vp=1
http://responsibletechnology.org/gmo-dangers/65-health-risks/1notes
http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr933/text
http://www.snopes.com/politics/business/mpa.asp
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-106publ224/html/PLAW-106publ224.htm
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/pdf/PlantProtAct2000.pdf
http://www.cnn.com/interactive/2012/12/us/sandy-hook-timeline/index.html
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/sandy-hook
http://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/why-do-people-bully.html
http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/school-violence
http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/pdf/us_violenceschool_trend_yrbs.pdf
http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/youthviolence/schoolviolence/savd.html
http://www.hlntv.com/article/2013/05/21/jodi-arias-trial-penalty-phase-arias-statement
http://jonathanturley.org/2008/01/18/dr-phil-charged-with-practicing-without-a-license-in-britney-spears-stunt/


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Posted in Criminology Amp Justice, Health savings account, Insurance, IRS tax forms, Medicare, Medicare Part D coverage gap, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Scott Hall, United States | No comments

Wednesday, May 29, 2013

Crime and Media

Posted on 5:18 AM by Unknown
The crime scene in the original version of the...
The crime scene in the original version of the game. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

by Tabetha Cooper

Murders happen all over the world in all forms; your regular single murders, mass murders, spree murders, and of course serial murders.  In the United States, serial murder has been captivating the mind of citizens for a long time with all the movies and television programs focusing on this issue.  It is important to remember though that much of what can be seen on television isn’t completely accurate.  Through an understanding of the global perspectives on serial murder and the investigative approach and tools used the most in these cases, a person can better identify what impact serial murders have on the media in the United States versus other countries.
            As Hickey (n.d.) points out, serial murder from a global perspective brings out some points that need to be addressed.  First is the definition of serial murder and how others see this phenomenon.  For example in the U.S. the FBI defines serial murder as a series of three or more murders over a period of time with a cooling off period in between each murder.  In addition most serial offenders in the U.S. are thought to be lust killers and each murder tends to share common characteristics (Federal Bureau of Investigations, 2005).  On the other hand other countries have noted that most serial murderers do not classify as lust murders and that there are not always similarities in the murders (Hickey, n.d.).  Not every culture exploits serial murder as we do in the U.S.  The second thing to remember is that the differences in cultures between countries provide different motives for serial murders as well as different means to carry out the murders.  For example guns are a big weapon of choice in the United States but many other countries the weapon of choices tends to be a knife, as can be shown with the case of Jack the Ripper in England (Hickey, n.d.).  The last point to keep in mind is that largely due to the other two differences, the profiles given to serial murderers in the U.S. are far different from the profiles given by law enforcement personnel of other countries.  The ability to access important data may also play a role in the different profiles of serial murderers between other countries and the U.S.
            Since the popular television show Criminal Minds, when the average American thinks of approaches to catching a killer, profiling pops in their mind.  There are several types of profiling including: criminal profiling, victim profiling, and geographical profiling.  Profiling is just one tool used in the interdisciplinary approach.  This approach explores criminal behavior through the sciences of psychology, biology, and behavioral analysis (Hickey, n.d).  In other words the interdisciplinary approach utilizes forensic sciences.  Spatial mapping is another tool used in this approach.  Crimes committed within an area can be recorded to a map and through analysis of this information it is possible to figure out when and where the next crime in a series will be committed.  Computers aid a lot in the interdisciplinary approach, where data can be stored and retrieved quickly.
            In recent years there have been steps taken to fill in the gap between countries when it comes to crime.  The inability to access data concerning serial murders that travel internationally, data bases are being created for easier access to information.  One data base used by other countries is the Violent Crime Linkage Analysis System or VICLAS.  This data base originated in Canada and is used in the United States, Canada, and Germany (Hickey, n.d.).  The International Crime Police Organization, better known as Interpol, was created in 1923 to also aid countries in sharing criminal information.  It was designed to help aid different organizations and law enforcement agencies in an effort to catch criminals that cross boarders and to prevent further crimes from being committed.  Since its start in 1923, 188 countries have become members of Interpol (www.interpol.int).
With the vast differences throughout the world when it comes to serial murder, it has to be asked: What role does the media play in the world of serial murder?  Many countries do not report serial murder in the news nor display such an interest in it through movies and television programs.  There have been countries in which suspected serial murderers were not publicized.  This has its benefits and downfalls!  If the public is not notified of a serial murderer running the streets then they have no idea to keep themselves safe.  If a killer is attacking women between the ages of thirty and fifty in dark allies only in the night, then those women don’t know to keep themselves out of that area during the dark hours of the day.  Although a benefit of not publicizing a serial murderer is not getting the entire town in an uproar.  Sometimes serial killers, such as the BTK killer (Dennis Radar), use media to contact the police.  Those who receive these types of messages need to take care with what is done with them.  The police should be notified before the message is publicized (www.fbi.com).
In the United States the media such as news papers report on the murder.  Depending on the information that they reporter gets their hands on, this can let the killer know what the police know.  This can cause the killer to change his modus operandi, is selection of victims, or even cause him to go into a cooling down period until the heat is off him.  If he relocates it takes the problem out of the place it originated but causes it to start somewhere else, which may go undetected for a period of time before the crimes can be linked as serial.  When so many people become privy to important information pertaining to a serial murder case it also opens a door for copy cat killers to use the same motives.  This can throw law enforcement personnel off the track of the actual killer.  When media puts such a great emphasis on the murderer it also takes light away from the victim (www.fbi.com).  Victims become forgotten easily, causing yet another injustice to both them and their families. Also with the fascination and glamorization television shows and movies give serial killers it desensitizes the incidences.  Women become fans and the killers begin to become idols to some. 
No matter the country or the definition of serial murder, a killer reeking havoc can be detrimental to everyone.  Some countries allow the media to cash in on the tragedies that seem to captivate the minds of many.  This can be good, but it can also be very bad.  In the United States, our Constitution guarantees us freedom of press and freedom of speech, so we can count on many more shows, movies, and news reports regarding serial murder.  











References

Hickey, E. W. (n.d.) Serial Murderers and Their Victims. 4th ed. Mason: Cengage Learning
http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/serial-murder
http://www.fbi.gov/publications/serial_murder.htm
http://www.interpol.int/public/icpo/default.asp



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Posted in crime, Criminal Minds, Criminology Amp Justice, FBI, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Hickey, murder, serial killer, United States | No comments

Tuesday, April 30, 2013

Criminal and Civil Law: What’s the Difference?

Posted on 6:26 AM by Unknown


by Tabetha Cooper

What is the difference between criminal and civil law?  That is a question that ever American citizen needs to know.  This nation has developed a strong need for each of these forms of law and their implications are definitely different.  Through an understanding of their definitions, their punishments, and how they apply in society a person can clearly distinguish between the two.
English: 1998 copy of the Indiana Code, the cr...
English: 1998 copy of the Indiana Code, the criminal and civil law of Indiana (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
            Criminal law deals with the laws of an individual state or country that regulate criminal offenses and determines the punishment of such offenses.  Civil law, on the other hand, deals with the regulation of a state or nation’s private matters of the individuals therein.  Lippman (2006) states it best, saying civil law is designed to protect an “individual’s interest” and criminal law is in place to protect the “public’s interest.”  Criminal law has two classification, felonies and misdemeanors.  A felony is a criminal act that deserves a prison sentence of a year or more and in severe cases (in some states) the death penalty.  A misdemeanor is an offense that in relatively minor and punishment can range from fines up to a year in jail or prison.  Civil law awards no jail time at all.  If the case falls under contract law the defendant is ordered to “reimburse the plaintiff for damages.”  If it falls under tort law, the defendant may be ordered to pay punitive damages in addition to the reimbursement (Standler, 1998).
            A defendant that is being tried in a criminal case is protected under the United States 
English: First page of a sample eTrace Report ...
English: First page of a sample eTrace Report as used in a criminal case (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Constitution.  They can exercise their rights to due process, privacy, assistance of counsel, speedy trials, against self incrimination, and against double jeopardy.  A defendant in a civil case is not protected under any of these rights.  On the contrary, he has to relinquish any documents asked of him that pertain to a case and he is made to testify on his behalf or the judgment can automatically be made against him.  In addition it can take weeks, months, and in most cases even years before the case is ever brought before a judge.  Defendants are not entitled to be represented by an attorney and if desire to be must do so at their own expense.  If the defendant happens to win the case another suit can be brought against her at a later time (Standler 1998).
            Now that an evaluation the definitions of both civil and criminal law, the punishments of each, and how they are applied in society has been made, everyone can be informed of the differences of these laws.  As citizens go about their daily lives, it is hoped that they know the difference between both criminal and civil law.  A bigger hope is that through this understand, citizens can avoid ever having to be subject to either form of law.




References
Lippman, M. (2007). Contemporary Criminal Law: Concepts, Cases, and Controversies. Sage                   Publishing. Thousand Oaks, Ca.
Standler, R. B. (1998). Differences Between Civil and Criminal Law in the USA. Retrieved         6.14.10 from  http://www.rbs2.com/cc.htm



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Posted in civil law, crime, Criminal law, Law, Lawsuit, Legal Information, United States, United States Constitution | No comments

Saturday, April 27, 2013

Criminal Justice Technology: From the Past to the Future

Posted on 8:38 AM by Unknown


by Tabetha Cooper

Today’s criminal justice system owes a lot to technology.  Without technology, life for law enforcement personnel would be more difficult and more offenders would walk away from the crimes they commit never seeing justice.  According to Foster (2004), technology assists law enforcement but is not the reason crimes get solved.  Criminals are brought to justice by personnel that are assigned a 
Adult Criminal Justice System
Adult Criminal Justice System (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
case, their good judgment, and their ability to use the information that technology provides them.  Technology has evolved over time and it is important to look at all the technology available.  To have full appreciation of the technology that will be used in the criminal justice field an exploration of past, present, and even potential future technology must be conducted.
            Major evolution in technology began in the Political Era of Policing, which lasted from the 1840s through the 1920s.  Best stated in the article History of Police Technology (1998), at the beginning of this era police only used the existing technology of the gun and nightstick.  Both of these technologies are still used today but several advancements have been made throughout the era.  Samuel Morse and Alexander Graham Bell need to be acknowledged for making communication with the police a much easier and quicker task.  In the late 1870s, the criminal justice field adapted the technologies known as the telegraph (Morse), telephone, and police call boxes (Bell).  The telegraph was a way t
FBI Criminal Justice Information Services.
FBI Criminal Justice Information Services. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
o communicate using a series of dashes and dots to send a message, according to the National Museum of American History.  Bell invented the telephone making verbal communication possible; although, it took away precious time in an emergency waiting on the operator to patch the call to the desired location.  A short time later police call boxes where appearing on the streets of America and by the early 1900s where being introduced in other countries.  These call boxes where wired directly to the police station so police officers could report their locations and the public could quickly contact the police if need be. (History of the Metropolitan Police).
            Forensics started to see advances in technology during the Political Era as well.  Francis Galton, interested in the fingerprint, believed that no two people’s fingerprints were alike.  He was by no means the only person to notice or find a use for fingerprints, but he was the first to realize the significance of them.  He studied fingerprints and was able to see three different patterns in each: loops, whorls, and arches.  In 1892 he published his findings in his book, Fingerprints.  (Osterburg & Ward, 2007).  Osterburg & Ward (2007) address the fact that prior to 1901 a source of a stain could not be determined.  If the stain was obviously blood there was no way to prove if the source was animal or human.   Paul Uhlenhuth, in 1901, found a way to test to see whether an animal or human deposited the blood found with the precipitin test.  Crime laboratories used to process evidence came into the 
English: A photo of a traditional "blue lamp" as located outside most English police stations. This one is outside the Covent Garden Police Station of the Metropolitan Police in London. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
criminal justice field in 1910, when the first was established in London.  By the 1920s there were many crime laboratories in the United States.
Technologies at the end of the Political Era included not only the gun and night stick, but also the telephone, police call boxes, fingerprinting, and blood testing.  Technologies continued to advance in the next era of policing, the Professional Era (1920-1970).  William Marston believed that a person’s heart rate increased when they were lying.  He came up with a lie detector test that was administered using a blood pressure cuff to monitor blood pressure.  He would ask yes and no questions to determine if someone was lying.  After a series of tests with employees of the Berkley Police Department, Marston was convinced that his 
John Jay College of Criminal Justice Field Tri...
John Jay College of Criminal Justice Field Trip to Forest Hills - 1993-94 (Photo credit: Duke of Crydee)
method was accurate.  In 1921, the Berkley Police Department began using his method of lie detecting in the investigations of minor thefts in the community.  (Fisher, 2008)
In 1923, Calvin Goddard made another step toward making investigations easier.  He invented the comparison microscope that could be used to compare bullets or cartridges left at the scene of a crime with bullets fired from a particular gun. (Osterburg & Ward, 2007).  If the gun was found at a suspect’s house and was used during the commission of a crime, strong evidence is present for trial.  Transportation for early police officers was either done by foot or bicycle.  In the 1930s police departments started to use police wagons.  Although police wagons were used by a few agencies starting at the beginning of the 1900s, it was not until the 1930s that their use was wide spread. (History of Police Technology, 2008).  Communication also advanced a little more during this era.  According to the Massachusetts Institution of Technology (2000), Al G
ross invented the walkie-talkie in 1938, and then came up with the Citizen’s Band (CB) in 1948.  These two technologies, when combined, became the two-way radio, which gave officers added safety and speedier response times.
Local police motorcyclists
Local police motorcyclists (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Making an emergency phone call was difficult throughout much of the Professional Era.  If someone needed police, fire or medical help they had to either call the operator or they had to have the number for the agency they needed at hand.  AT&T launched a plan that was suggested by the National Association of Fire Chiefs, implemented in 1968, for a number that could be used by the public to summon the assistance of emergency personnel.  They wanted the number to be something short that everyone could remember.  Based on the fact that Great Britain was already using 999 as an emergency number and that in the United States 1 as the second and third digit of a number had been reserved for business offices, AT&T decided to make this new emergency number 911.  (Foster, 2004).  The 1960s also brought about a widely used database, the National Crime Information Center (NCIC).  NCIC was implemented by the FBI in 1967, in an attempt to have one program that store several types of criminal information.  NCIC now stores a vast array of information such as fingerprints, DNA samples, stolen items, probated offenders, criminal histories, and missing person’s information. (NCIC, 2010)
As the Professional Era of Policing came to an end around 1970, the Community Policing Era began and is still in effect today.  As time marched on, law enforcement agencies had more resources at their fingertips.  At the beginning of this era most police department were using what had become traditional technologies such as the gun, nightstick, telephone, fingerprinting, and blood testing.  In addition, now they had polygraphs, comparison microscopes, police wagons, two-way radios, and 911 systems.  At the rapid pace that technologies were being offered to the general public, there was more need for additional police technologies and upgrades on existing ones.  In the 1970s computers were introduced into the criminal justice field.  Due to financial reasons, not very many police departments had them.  What departments that had the finances available to use them, did not use them that often due to the complexity of the systems and lack of training available.  It was not until the 1980s that computers were commonly being used.
Police downtown
Police downtown (Photo credit: Toban B.)
As automobiles evolved so did the technology police needed to enforce laws concerning them.  Although police radars were being used in a few police agencies by the late 1940s, the modern police radar was introduced in law enforcement in the 1980s.  When automobiles gained the ability to run at high rates of speed, there was a need for a device that could clock the speed of passing motorist.  John Aker and William Goodson secured a patent, in 1980, for a device that could accurately determine the speed of vehicles as they passed, the police radar.  Using technology now available with the advancements of computers, like microprocessors, helped Aker and Goodson improve existing military technology to give the police radar the ability to give an accurate reading on the speed of moving vehicles. (Traffic Radar Device, 1980).  In addition to the police radar, this era perfected and put many technologies into use.  There are far too many to discuss in detail but the most valuable include: metal detectors, portable x-ray machines used to detect bombs, night vision devices, bulletproof vests, and raid gear. (History of Police Technology, 1998).
In the 1980s, DNA was discovered and explained by Dr. Alec Jeffreys.  DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and states a person’s genetics.  It can be found in the nucleus of cells and is same within every cell of each individual.  Much like fingerprints, no two DNA profiles are the same.  The only exception to this is identical twins.  DNA can be found in skin cells, hair, any bodily fluid, mucus membranes, organs, and fingernails.  With all of the possible place to find DNA, it is very 
State police hunt for the McMath kidnappers in...
State police hunt for the McMath kidnappers in Cape Cod section (Photo credit: Boston Public Library)
probable that a trace amount of it will be left at a crime scene, and when found can lead to a suspect.  The best thing about DNA is that it does not just point a finger to the guilty; it has also freed people that have been incarcerated for years on crimes that they did not commit. (Basic Biology of DNA, 2003)
With the use of computers, many of the existing technologies evolved; computers were becoming more useful for information storage and retrieval.  In 1979, AT&T set Enhanced 911, referred to as E911, into motion.  The E-911 system was able to connect to the telephone company and provide the dispatcher with the telephone number from which the called was made, as well as the address that the phone is actually located.  This worked until cell phones were invented.  By 2001 cell phones were more common than house phones.  With the high volume of calls being placed to 911 dispatched from cell phones, it was evident there needed to be a better way to track the location of the call.  The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) decided that it was time to put tracking devices on cell phones.  Cell phone providers already kept track of which cell phone towers were providing service to a phone that was in use.  With the aid of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), the provider was able to use a triangulation method to determine an approximate location that the call was being placed from.  The triangulation method is done by using the three closest cell phone towers to locate the caller. (Foster, 2004).
: Criminal Justice Center
: Criminal Justice Center (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Dispatchers were now able to assign speedy emergency help, but the 911 systems were not done evolving yet.  In the early 2000s dispatch centers started using the Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) systems.  CAD systems help manage the dispatch center.  Software and hardware make it possible for dispatchers to access information from a number of databases.  It enables workers to pull up any available information on the 911 caller, including past calls and arrest records.  It helps the responding emergency personnel to be prepared for what they may encounter upon arrival to the scene.  It also has the capability to keep track of an officer’s whereabouts.  This enables the dispatcher to send the closest available unit and know where to send back up, should the need arise. (Foster, 2004).
With the continual evolving of computers and them becoming easier to use, police agencies have utilized them more for their own benefit.  Since the 1980’s several databases have been added to computers that can be accessed through other agencies via the Internet.  One of those databases is a widely used one called Automated Fingerprinting Information Systems (AFIS), here fingerprints can be stored on a computer verses index cards and filed in the storage room of an agency.  The national database can be accessed through NCIC.  Computers have made past duties much easier.  Take crime mapping for example.  At one time crime, mapping had to be done on a big map hung on the wall; pus
: Criminal Justice Center
: Criminal Justice Center (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
h pins would be stuck in the location of crime, and it helped identify the high crime areas.  Now it can be done on the computer, and with its convenience, can help an officer determine if, when, and where a crime is going to happen in a particular section of town.  Most patrol units have computers in their squad cars that link to NCIC, their agency, and some to AFIS directly.  Since most of society has become dependent on computers, more agencies have developed web pages where the public can voice concerns, leave anonymous crime tips, or simply find out what is going on in their community. (Foster, 2004)
Safety has been a huge concern during this era, not only for law enforcement but also for the general population.  Steps have been made to find less lethal weapon alternatives.  Some of these alternatives include: tazer guns, bean bag rounds, flash grenades, smoke bombs, and rubber bullets.  There are ongoing studies that may help implement future technologies.  Scientists have looked into a person’s reactions with electromagnetic waves.  They hope to find a way to safely cause extreme nausea, a brief seizure, a bout of disorientation, or even something that may make an offender temporarily see white spots before their eyes; anything to momentarily incapacitate him.  Studies are also being done to aid an officer with safety when it comes to his own gun.  Ideas have been formed for a gun that requires a special activation ring or fingerprint verification in order to get it to fire. (Foster, 2004)
English: Blackwell-Thurman Criminal Justice Center
English: Blackwell-Thurman Criminal Justice Center (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
All kinds of wonderful technologies are in the works.  There are several devices that can attach to a patrol car.  One will give the officer the ability to turn any traffic light to green, during an emergency.  Another will be a remote that can deploy a spike strip.  A possibility of another device shooting an offender’s car with an electromagnetic beam that can disable his cars entire computer system.  With satellite systems advancing rapidly as well, it may be conceivable that eventually there will be a satellite that transmits footage of a crime happening as it is being committed, so an officer can see what a suspect looks like and where he is going when he leaves the scene of a crime.  One day all security cameras may be linked to one central network that uses facial recognition technology to give the police department the name and all the information available on a suspect before he is even finished committing the crime.  Most valuable merchandise sold in stores today has magnetic strips that sound an alarm if they have not been deactivated.  Plans have been made to manufacture everything with a computer chip that will work off of the same idea of technology.  The chip will always be inside of the merchandise and can be activated using a special scanning device.  This could help aid officers in locating stolen items.  All of these ideas are conceivable and further yet probable.  (Foster, 2004).  Most of these future technologies are being studied and may be implemented before the new criminal justice majors retire from their careers.
Police vans on Waterloo Bridge
Police vans on Waterloo Bridge (Photo credit: Martin Deutsch)
Criminal Technology has made life for law enforcement increasingly easier throughout the years.  Technology slowly began to advance as each era of policing passed.  Officers started out with nothing more than a nightstick and gun.  Today there is more technologies available to police officers than one could mention.  Every new technology leaves promise for a better one down the road.  And with the rapid pace of advancing technology within that last thirty years, it can be agreed that when it comes to technology of tomorrow, the sky is the limit.







References

DNA Initiative. (2003) Basic Biology of DNA. Retrieved May 22, 2010, from             http://www.dna.gov/basics/biology/  
Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2010) NCIC: The National Crime Information Center.   Retrieved May 20, 2010, from http://www.fbi.gov/hq/cjisd/ncic.htm
Fisher, J. (2008) The Polygraph Wars. Retrieved May 23, 2010, from             http://jimfisher.edinboro.edu/forensics/polywar1.html
Foster, R.E. (2004). Police Technology. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2000) Inventor of the Week. Retrieved May 24, 2010,    from http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/gross.html
National Museum of American History. (N.D.) Telegraph. Retrieved May 23, 2010, from            http://www.150.si.edu/150trav/remember/r819.htm
New World Encyclopedia. (2008) Bell, Alexander Graham. Retrieved May 20, 2010, from                       http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Alexander_Graham_Bell
Osterburg, J.W. & Ward, R.H. (2007) Criminal Investigation: A Method for Reconstructing         the Past (5thEd.) Newark, NJ. Mathew Bender & Company, Inc.
Patent Storm. (1980) Traffic radar device - US Patent 4236140 Abstract. Retrieved May 21,        2010, from http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/4236140.html
Unknown. (1998) History of Police Technology. Retrieved May 21, 2010, from                                         http://www.police-technology.net/id59.html






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